Although BWA is a very popular and well tested aligner, it’s hardly the only aligner around. There is an extensive list of open source and commercial short read aligners available on Wikipedia. Another collection can be found on the EBI webpage (there’s also information about the number of citations for each aligner on this page). SeqAnswers has a software collection page as well.
This week I will try two of the most cited (and also oldest) aligners: Bowtie and MAQ.